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“Algae and Energy in the Northeast was co-hosted by the University of Vermont, Vermont Epscor, and Vermont Bioenergy Initiative.

A conference on Algae & Energy in the Northeast, co-hosted by the University of Vermont and the Vermont Sustainable Jobs Fund, was held at the University of Vermont in Burlington on March 17 & 18, 2010.

Topics covered include:

• Overcoming challenges to algae feedstock production in the Northeast
• Algal harvesting, lipid (oil) extraction, and biofuel conversion
• Uses and markets for algal oil and by-products
• Concurrent poster session featuring algae R&D projects.

The conference “Algae and Energy in the Northeast” was sponsored by Vermont Technical College, Renewable Energy Vermont, Carbon Harvest, Algae Power, General Systems Research, Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, and Algae Biomass Organization.

Some of the foremost algae researchers and entrepreneurs presented the current state and projected future of algae as a biofuel feedstock, including:

• Conference Objectives & Outcomes: Dr. Anju Dahiya (University of Vermont, Cofounder General Systems Research LLC)
• Development of Microalgal Biofuels: A National Laboratory Perspective:Dr. Al Darzins (Principal Group Manager NREL)
• Pumping Algae! An Alternative Energy Future: Donald Redalje – Univ. of Southern Mississippi Department of Marine Science and Cofounder of HR BioPetroleum Inc.
• Algae Grown on Agricultural Wastewater: Algal Production, Composition and Utilization: Dr. Walter Mulbury (Environmental Management and Byproducts Lab, USDA Beltsville, Maryland)
• Algae Farming for Biofuel Feedstocks: Dr. Ron Putt – Chemical Engineering Department, Auburn University
• Algae to Biofuel: Opportunities and Challenges: Vikram M Pattarkine, PhD – CEO, PEACE USA and formerly CTO/Chief Scientist, OriginOil
• Algae for Biofeeds and Biofuels: Dr. Ira Levine (University of Southern Maine)
• Algae Culture and Biofuels Development in Integrated Systems: Dr. Mary Watzin (University of Vermont)
• Microalgae Production of Biodiesel: Dr. Ihab H. Farag (University of New Hampshire)
• Poster Sessions: The Conference presented concurrent poster sessions featuring regional algae research and demonstration projects.

November 12, 2008 — Shelburne Farms, Vermont

This event was funded, in part, by the US Department of Energy, courtesy of U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy, and was generously hosted by Shelburne Farms.  

Event Organizers:  VSJF, Biomass Energy Resource Center, University of Vermont Extension.

Click on the names of the panelists below to download their presentations.

Additionally, for ongoing discussion about the current state and future of grass energy (growing, harvesting, processing, pelletizing, and combustion) as a renewable biomass fuel, you can join an online discussion group here: Grass Energy Google Group.

Keynote Address: Building a Viable Grass-Energy Economy

Roger Samson, Executive Director of R.E.A.P.-Canada.

Mr. Samson is an internationally recognized leader in grass energy, working with perennial grasses, agri-fibers, agro-forestry, biomass combustion systems, and fuel pelletization. There is a tremendous need for low cost energy around the world, and since 1986 R.E.A.P. Canada has been working to efficiently capture solar energy and convert it as efficiently as possible into usable energy forms.

R.E.A.P. Canada has focused on pelletizing switchgrass, big bluestem, and other grass crops for thermal combustion. Switchgrass and big bluestem are native, perennial, warm season grasses that have high moisture and nutrient use efficiency. Cave in Rock is the standard switchgrass variety in New England.

Samson identified four main drivers for creating a grass biofuel industry:  

• technology development (e.g., improvements in densification and boiler technology);
• policy (e.g., renewable energy incentives applied to grasses and/or carbon regulations);
• capacity development and consumer education (training and awareness); and
• market analysis / development and government regulation (e.g., new fuel quality and boiler emissions standards).

Panel 1: Growing and Harvesting

• Jerry Cherney, E.V. Baker Professor of Agriculture Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Cornell University

Dr. Cherney’s current research features 3,000 switchgrass and reed canarygrass plants in plots in New York. Cherney used a pilot / flight attendant analogy to describe the grass energy situation in the United States compared to Europe. He argued that Europe has institutional drivers (pilots) in the form of energy policy, an emphasis on energy returned on energy invested, grass energy legislation, and standards that have assisted in the development of the European grass energy industry. The U.S., on the other hand, has informational drivers (flight attendants) in the form of researchers and educational activities. In other words, the U.S. has flight attendants but no pilots.

Under these conditions, Cherney argued that we’re going to have a grass pellet industry because Europe wants it (i.e., U.S. feedstocks will be exported to Europe). Alternatively, he believes that a small to medium scale grass energy industry that emphasized local production for local use is possible in New England.

Read Dr. Cherney’s presentation here.

• Pamela Porter, Principal, P Squared Group; Midwest Office Director, Biomass Energy Resource Center

Pam Porter’s presentation focused on Midwest biomass trends.

• Roger Samson, Executive Director, R.E.A.P.-Canada

Samson’s presentation focused on problems with high potassium and chlorine content in grasses, which causes agglomerations and corrosion in boilers. A solution that R.E.A.P. Canada has identified is using warm season grasses under delayed harvest management (i.e., ‘overwintering’) to leach the potassium out.

Lunch Keynote: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Agriculture and Energy

1.5 inch grass rounds come tumbling down BHS Energy’s mobile pelletizer at the Grass Energy Symposium.

Will Stevens, Golden Russet Farm

Panel 2: Processing and Pelletizing

• Daniel P. Arnett, Biomass Coordinator, Ernst Conservation Seeds

Dan Arnett describes the benefits of densification for transportation, storage, and standardization during his presentation. Ernst Conservation Seeds is the largest grower of switchgrass east of the Mississippi.

• Bryan Reggie, Managing Member, Electrical Engineer, BHS Energy LLC

Bryan Reggie enumerates the benefits of local biomass during his presentation, including offsetting heating costs.

Mr. Reggie and partners have developed a mobile grass briquetter that makes 1.5 inch grass rounds (see below). BHS Energy anticipates a market for medium-scale densification from farmers with 100+ acres or coops; greenhouses with 50+ acres of farmland; municipalities; and ag related businesses.

John Arsenault, Vice President of Quebec Operations, Energex Pellet Fuel, Inc.

Energex Pellet Fuel has been making wood pellets since 1982. 95% of the pellets are exported to the U.S.

• Steve Flick, Board President, Show Me Energy Cooperative

 Panel 3: The State of Combustion Technology

• Jerry Cherney, E.V. Baker Professor of Agriculture Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Cornell University

Read Dr. Cherney’s presentation here.

• Andy Boutin, Founder and General Manager, Pellergy, LLC

Mr. Boutin’s talk highlighted technology gap areas, including the standardization of the fuel, fuel handling and storage, combustion techniques, ash control, heat exchanger surfaces, and air pollutants.

Photos: Jock Gill